This is the third article in a series that presents insights from an investigation into the challenges and opportunities of the urban climate finance movement. This investigation sits at the heart of a collaboration between the Centre for Public Impact (CPI), the TransCap Initiative (TCI), and EIT Climate-KIC, which have joined forces to bring systemic investing to cities in order to catalyze urban sustainability transitions. You can read part I here and part II here. This article was originally published on Medium.
Over the past 6 months, we have conducted a research and design inquiry to understand how to move the needle on urban climate finance. This inquiry encompassed a comprehensive literature review, interviews with more than 30 stakeholders, and several sensemaking and co-creation sessions with sector experts.
What has emerged from this process is a hypothesis of a value proposition that meets a salient need of cities while complementing existing support offerings: systemic funding architecture (SFA).
This article explains the rationale for SFA, details how it would create value, and makes a suggestion for the next steps. You can find a PDF version of this article here.
Need Space
“Oftentimes, cities have a climate action plan but no strategy for getting it funded.”
Our research has surfaced that cities are looking for support on a great number of aspects related to climate finance. However, three need areas have emerged as most salient:
- Translating city-wide climate action plans into climate investment plans
- Building financeable portfolios of projects in a way that reduces complexity for cities
- Partnering with climate finance experts in ways that build city-internal capacity
Oftentimes, cities have a climate action plan but no strategy for getting it funded. This is not only an issue of technical expertise but also one of resourcing (not enough staff) and agency (no designated problem owner).
In addition, cities lack partners that engage with them in long-term, strategic ways; banks are often only interested in project-specific transactions, and consultancies are both expensive and disincentivized to help cities build internal capabilities.
Another critical element that is often lacking is the ability to bundle multiple climate projects into strategic portfolios and get these financed through a single financing and repayment mechanism. This would lead to more projects getting funded and reduce the complexity for city governments. It would also enable the orchestration of different forms of capital in a “funding architecture” logic and help mobilize capital from the private and philanthropic sectors.
Value Proposition
Systemic Funding Architecture (“SFA”) is about bringing a systems lens to the challenge of urban climate finance. We are proposing to establish a new non-profit organization or multi-stakeholder collaboration to help cities translate their climate action plans into long-term, multi-pronged climate investment strategies and get these designed, structured, and capitalized.
This can be seen as an enhanced, systemic form of technical assistance, one that is not based on single transactions but on whole portfolios of projects. It can include a capital matchmaking function and even evolve into a new kind of development bank.
“We are proposing to establish a new non-profit organization or multi-stakeholder collaboration to help cities translate their climate action plans into long-term, multi-pronged climate investment strategies.”
What tangible value does SFA create for cities?
- Enables the proper strategic deployment of capital with respect to a climate action strategy
- Reduces the complexity of funding climate projects — a major issue for cities
- Increases the number of fundable projects (through cross-subsidization effects and by eliminating the cherry-picking behavior of banks)
- Amplifies the value / reduces the risk of the portfolio as a whole (via combinatorial effects)
- Democratizes urban climate finance (through citizen engagement)
- Enables long-term partnerships to build capacity and drive city-internal change in culture, structures, processes, and governance
What specific activities would the SFA perform?
- Create climate investment plans steeped in a full-picture view of the overall economic context in which decarbonization and resilience investments take place and the strategic risks and opportunities of existing assets and proposed projects
- Map the “system” of the city to identify key intervention points within a city’s strategic climate areas, such as building retrofits, transport decarbonization, green infrastructure, etc
- Engage citizens and communities in co-designing and prioritizing investments
- Design portfolios of projects/assets composed to generate combinatorial effects
- Develop a funding architecture across multiple capital types (public finance, market-rate investment capital, concessionary capital, and philanthropic grants)
- Design investment vehicles/programs capable of receiving and deploying multiple forms of capital in a long-term, strategically coordinated manner
- Raise capital and structure individual, asset-level transactions
- Nest investment vehicles/programs within broader systems change approach and ensure continued alignment with other societal stakeholders
What are the critical success factors for an SFA delivery organization/consortium?
- Structured as a non-profit endeavor
- Funded with grants to cover the cost of systemic technical assistance and capacity building (i.e., service delivery to cities at no cost to them)
- Led by individuals who understand both public finance (and the political and institutional context in which cities operate) as well as finance/financing at the transactional level
- Executed through secondments to cities so that SFAs can (i) perform their work based on a deep understanding of context and (ii) build capacity inside a city government
- Governed jointly by finance professionals and civil servants
- Enabled to work across multiple jurisdictions and regulatory regimes in order to unlock economies of scale
- Embedded strategically into platforms and networks that offer scaling conduits (e.g., Net Zero Cities, ICLEI, C40)
- Held accountable for enabling a broad range of impact goals, including those that are more elusive and harder to measure (e.g., resilience, equity, justice)
Capital Raising vs. Banking
One key design question that remains unresolved — and must be explored through experimentation in the next phase of this project — is whether an SFA mechanism must have agency over investment capital.
Some believe that as long as investment portfolios have the right risk/return characteristics, they will be able to obtain finance from banks and other investors. Others are of the view that the two functions of systemic technical assistance and systemic capital deployment must be housed in a single organization/collaboration in order for systemic investing to become possible.
Depending on the answer to this question, the SFA could either mobilize capital through matchmaking/placement or raise its own capital in the logic of a development bank.
Scaling Conduit
To minimize the risk that this innovation effort gets stuck at the end of the pilot stage, we propose to strategically align our work with an existing city network, such as the Net-Zero Cities (NZC) program orchestrated by Climate-KIC. NZC convenes 113 cities committed to reaching net-zero emissions by 2030 and collaborating under a common innovation logic. All of these cities face similar challenges related to urban climate finance. So if we succeed at bringing the SFA value proposition to market through an initial pilot, we will already have a platform for rapidly scaling our impact.
Next Steps
We propose to test the core assumptions at the heart of this value proposition as part of a yet-to-be-designed pilot involving the 1–2 pilot cities and running from April to June 2023.
Meanwhile, we appreciate any feedback about how to strengthen the above value proposition. Please leave comments in this document or send us an email.